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Posts Tagged ‘Mammuthus’

Isotopes stables de mammouths en pleine évolution

January 21st, 2010

Il n’y a pas que l’ADN dans la vie, même dans la vie du paléomoléculariste. Aussi je vous recommande la lecture de cet article de mon collègue Paul Szpak auquel j’ai participé: Regional differences in bone collagen δ13C and δ15N of Pleistocene mammoths: Implications for paleoecology of the mammoth steppe. Un article où l’on apprend que les différences régionales entre les mammouths ne miment pas strictement l’information moélculaire mais nous informent sans doute bien plus auqnt aux paramètres environnementaux de nos chers poilus.

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Regional Differences in Bone Collagen d13C and d15N of Pleistocene Mammoths: Implications for Palaeoecology of the Mammoth Steppe

January 21st, 2010
Citation

Regional differences in bone collagen δ13C and δ15N of Pleistocene mammoths: Implications for paleoecology of the mammoth steppe.
Szpak Paul, Darren R. Gröcke, Régis Debruyne, Ross D.E. MacPhee, R.D. Guthrie, Grant D. Zazula, W.P. Patterson, & Hendrik N. Poinar.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2010, 286:88-96.
doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.12.009 Read more…

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Anatomy and phylogenetic value of the mandibular and coronoid canals and their associated foramina in proboscideans (Mammalia)

November 25th, 2009
Citation

Anatomy and phylogenetic value of the mandibular and coronoid canals and their associated foramina in proboscideans (Mammalia).
Ferretti, Marco & Régis Debruyne.
Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 2010, sous presse. Read more…

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Creusons les canaux et foramens

October 14th, 2009

Voilà une question qui nous tenait à coeur à mon collègue italien Marco Ferretti et moi-même: la valeur phylogénétique de caractères mandibulaires souvent délaissés chez les proboscidiens: les canaux mandibulaire et coronoïde et leurs foramens associés.

Depuis 2003, nous avons accumulé des centaines (que dis-je: des milliers) d’observations sur des mandibules de proboscidiens fossiles et actuels afin de tester nos hypothèses quant au statut diagnostique de certaines formes de ces caractères chez les mammouths.

Après avoir rapidement abordé le sujet dans ma thèse, et réalisé un poster avec Marco pour le IMC9 de Sapporo en 2005, nous allons enfin publier une version détaillée de cette analyse dans le Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, où notre article intitulé “Anatomy and phylogenetic value of the mandibular and coronoid canals and their associated foramina in proboscideans (Mammalia)” vient d’être accepté.

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Le retour du mammouth dans le Monde2

April 3rd, 2009

Le Monde2, couverture avril 2009, le retour du mammouthLe numéro d’avril 2009 du Monde2 vient de paraître avec, en couverture un mammouth dont le clonage apparaît désormais “comme envisageable”.
Je répondais dans ce numéro aux questions de Laurent Carpentier, et vous pouvez trouver son article sur le site web du journal>.

Diffusion des connaissances, News , , ,

New insights from old bones: DNA preservation and degradation in permafrost preserved mammoth remains

March 24th, 2009
Citation

New insights from old bones: DNA preservation and degradation in permafrost preserved mammoth remains.
Schwarz Carsten, Régis Debruyne, Melanie Kuch, Elizabth McNally, Henry Schwarcz, Andrew Aubrey, Jeffrey Bada, Hendrik N. Poinar.
Nucleic Acids Research 2009, Advance Online Access 1-15.

Abstract

Despite being plagued by heavily degraded DNA in palaeontological remains, most studies addressing the state of DNA degradation have been limited to types of damage which do not pose a hindrance to Taq polymerase during PCR. Application of serial qPCR to the two fractions obtained during extraction (demineralization and protein digest) from six permafrost mammoth bones and one partially degraded modern elephant bone has enabled further insight into the changes which endogenous DNA is subjected to during diagenesis. We show here that both fractions exhibit individual qualities in terms of the prevailing type of DNA (i.e. mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA) as well as the extent of damage, and in addition observed a highly variable ratio of mitochondrial to nuclear DNA among the six mammoth samples. While there is evidence suggesting that mitochondrial DNA is better preserved than nuclear DNA in ancient permafrost samples, we find the initial DNA concentration in the bone tissue to be as relevant for the total accessible mitochondrial DNA as the extent of DNA degradation post-mortem. We also evaluate the general applicability of indirect measures of preservation such as amino-acid racemization, bone crystallinity index and thermal age to these exceptionally well-preserved samples.

Télécharger l’article en PDF [1Mb]>
Télécharger les supplemental data:

  • Détails des Analyses en Composantes Principales (ACP) [pdf]>
  • L’alignement des séquences mitochondriales (cytB) [pdf]>
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Comment on “Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of mitochondria from ancient hair shafts”

November 7th, 2008

Debruyne R., C. Schwarz, H.N. Poinar.
2008. Science 322(5903):857a
Read more…

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Dual Citizenship for Woolly Mammoth

September 4th, 2008

Un article de Henry Fountain decrivant les resultats de mon article intitule “Out of America: Ancient DNA Evidence for a New World Origin of Late Quaternary Woolly Mammoths” (Current Biology), paru dans le New York Times du 4 Septembre 2008:
Acceder a l’article original>

It is common to think of the land bridge that existed from time to time across what is now the Bering Strait as a one-way affair. After all, the route through the area known as Beringia is thought to be how many animals and humans made their way out of Asia and into North America. Read more…

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Out of America: Ancient DNA Evidence for a New World Origin of Late Quaternary Woolly Mammoths

September 2nd, 2008
Citation

Out of America: Ancient DNA Evidence for a New World Origin of Late Quaternary Woolly Mammoths.
Régis Debruyne, G. Chu, C.E. King,  K. Bos,  M. Kuch,  C. Schwarz,  P. Szpak,  D.R. Gröcke,  P. Matheus,  G. Zazula,  D. Guthrie,  D. Froese,  B. Buigues,  C. de Marliave,  C. Flemming,  D. Poinar,  D. Fisher,  J. Southon,  A.N. Tikhonov,  R.D.E. MacPhee,  H.N. Poinar.
Current Biology 2008, 18(17):1320-1326.
Read more…

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Sequencing extinct genomes

March 31st, 2007

Régis Debruyne & Hendrik Poinar
ABRF 2007 Program and Abstracts, p.138
Communication orale (conférencier invité)

Abstract/Résumé

Nucleic Acids, which hold clues to the evolution of various animal and hominid taxa, are comparatively weak molecules from other cellular debris, and thus evolutionary biologists are in essence “time trapped”. Fortunately, DNA and protein fragments do exist in fossil remains beyond what theoretical experimentation do suggest. Sequestering of DNA molecules in humic or Maillard-like complexes likely represents a rich source of DNA molecules from from the past, that have yet to be tapped. These molecules were impossible to acquiredue to the selective nature of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Read more…

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